Algoritmos Heurísticos de Coincidencia para la Estimación de Movimientos en Compresión de Imágenes

La teoría de NP-Completitud plantea que los algoritmos exactos y eficientes son poco probable que exista para la clase de problemas N

Incidencia de los estudios sobre reordenamiento genómico en la secuenciación del genoma humano

En este artículo de revisión se muestran los principales aportes de la literatura científica relacionados con el problema SBPR (Sorting Permutations By Prefix Reversals, en español, Ordenamiento de permutaciones con reversión de prefijos) realizados en los últimos 47 años que han servido como base en la secuenciación completa del genoma humano. De hecho, este estudio tiene como propósito describir los principales antecedentes del problema desde sus orígenes hasta su aplicación final en la secuenciación del genoma humano. La metodología utilizada está basada en la revisión documental, la cual permitió construir una matriz y un grafo, en donde se resumen todas las interconexiones bibliográficas posibles. Sin embargo, los principales hallazgos demuestran que los años 90 fueron claves para desarrollar una teoría sólida en cuanto a construcción y verificación en lo que refiere a algoritmos. Finalmente, se brindan las conclusiones y perspectivas a futuro de los principales resultados obtenidos.

Gas interchange between bubble and emulsion phases in a 2D fluidized bed as revealed by two-fluid model simulations

Using two-fluid model simulations, the present work aims at characterizing the interchange due to gas advection between the emulsion phase and bubbles in fully bubbling beds of Geldart group B particles that are fluidized with air. In the studied beds the bubbles are slow, which means that the advection transport of gas through the bubble boundary is the main mechanism of gas interchange. In an initial verification step, the pressure distribution and the gas interchange coefficient for isolated bubbles obtained in the two-fluid simulation are compared with the classical potential flow theory of fluidized beds, providing concordant results. In a second step, the work analyzes the gas interchange in fully bubbling beds and the effects of the superficial velocity, bed height, and particle diameter on the interchange coefficient and the crossflow ratio. The results indicate that both the interchange coefficient and the crossflow ratio in bubbling beds are about two times those predicted by the potential theory of isolated bubbles. A corrected model for the gas interchange is proposed based on the introduction of the gas throughflow into the classical potential flow theory. As a consequence, the gas interchange coefficient in the corrected model is a function of the superficial gas velocity instead of the minimum fluidization velocity.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Government (Project DPI2009-10518) and the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Project S2009/ENE-1660).Publicad

Does AI Qualify for the Job?: A Bidirectional Model Mapping Labour and AI Intensities

[EN] In this paper we present a setting for examining the relation between the distribution of research intensity in AI research and the relevance for a range of work tasks (and occupations) in current and simulated scenarios. We perform a mapping between labour and AI using a set of cognitive abilities as an intermediate layer. This setting favours a two-way interpretation to analyse (1) what impact current or simulated AI research activity has or would have on labour-related tasks and occupations, and (2) what areas of AI research activity would be responsible for a desired or undesired effect on specific labour tasks and occupations. Concretely, in our analysis we map 59 generic labour-related tasks from several worker surveys and databases to 14 cognitive abilities from the cognitive science literature, and these to a comprehensive list of 328 AI benchmarks used to evaluate progress in AI techniques. We provide this model and its implementation as a tool for simulations. We also show the effectiveness of our setting with some illustrative examples.This material is based upon work supported by the EU (FEDER), and the Spanish MINECO under grant RTI2018-094403-B-C3, the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2019/098. F. Martínez-Plumed was also supported by INCIBE (Ayudas para la excelencia de los equipos de investigación avanzada en ciberseguridad), the European Commission (JRC) HUMAINT project (CT-EX2018D335821-101), and UPV (PAID-06-18). J. H-Orallo is also funded by an FLI grant RFP2-152.Martínez-Plumed, F.; Tolan, S.; Pesole, A.; Hernández-Orallo, J.; Fernández-Macías, E.; Gómez, E. (2020). Does AI Qualify for the Job?: A Bidirectional Model Mapping Labour and AI Intensities. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). 94-100. https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375831S9410

Measuring the Occupational Impact of AI: Tasks, Cognitive Abilities and AI Benchmarks

[EN] In this paper we develop a framework for analysing the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on occupations. This framework maps 59 generic tasks from worker surveys and an occupational database to 14 cognitive abilities (that we extract from the cognitive science literature) and these to a comprehensive list of 328 AI benchmarks used to evaluate research intensity across a broad range of different AI areas. The use of cognitive abilities as an intermediate layer, instead of mapping work tasks to AI benchmarks directly, allows for an identification of potential AI exposure for tasks for which AI applications have not been explicitly created. An application of our framework to occupational databases gives insights into the abilities through which AI is most likely to affect jobs and allows for a ranking of occupations with respect to AI exposure. Moreover, we show that some jobs that were not known to be affected by previous waves of automation may now be subject to higher AI exposure. Finally, we find that some of the abilities where AI research is currently very intense are linked to tasks with comparatively limited labour input in the labour markets of advanced economies (e.g., visual and auditory processing using deep learning, and sensorimotor interaction through (deep) reinforcement learning).Tolan, S.; Pesole, A.; Martínez-Plumed, F.; Fernández-Macías, E.; Hernández-Orallo, J.; Gómez, E. (2021). Measuring the Occupational Impact of AI: Tasks, Cognitive Abilities and AI Benchmarks. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research. 71:191-236. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.12647S1912367

Primeras conclusiones de restauración científica en metales nobles

Este artículo pretende dar a conocer los primeros resultados del Programa Orfebrería que lleva a cabo el Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico. A pesar de que aquí se establecen principios metodológicos ya desarrollados en proyectos piloto cuya intervención ha concluido y parciales resultados de las distintas investigaciones, debe aclararse de antemano que, dado su carácter experimental y el avance cotidiano que demuestra el conocimiento en mayor profundidad de unos principios para la intervención científica en restauración de piezas de orfebrería, las conclusiones serán expuestas cuando se finalicen los trabajos necesarios para establecerlas

Mapping of tecto-lineaments and their influence on sedimentological processes in a GIS environment: a case study of the Iberian trough, Spain

p. 165-174The subsurface sedimentary succession of the Iberian Trough, Spain was examined using geophysical t echniques (analogue seismic profiles) and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation algorithm implemented in a gvGIS open source software. The results showed that the Late Cretaceous succession is divided into two depositional sequences: DS­1 (Late Albian–Middle Turonian) and DS­2 (Late Turonian–Campanian). From the analogical seismic sections, digital data and quantitative isopach maps for DS­1 and DS­2 were obtained. The new isopach maps obtained for the DS­1 sequence showed that the deeper sectors of the basin were located to the northeast and the proximal ones to the southwest. The palaeoshoreline was inferred to be situated in the N 150 direction. Across and parallel to this direction several blocks were delimited by faults, with a direction between 30 N and N 65. The thickness of the sediments in these blocks varied in direction NW–SE, with subsidence and depocentres in hangingwall and uplift in the footwall. These variations may have been related to active synsedimentary faults (e.g., Boñar and Yugueros Faults). In the DS­2 sequence, a lineament separated the smaller thicknesses to the southwest from the larger thicknesses (up to 1400 m) to the northeast. This lineament had an N170 orientation and it indicated the position of the palaeoshoreline. In the isopach map for DS­2 there were two groups of lineaments. The first showed a block structure that was limited by N100–120, they were foundering toward the S and had large thicknesses (depocentres), and rose towards the N, where there were smaller thicknesses. The second group of lineaments had a N 50–65 direction and, in this case, they had a similar interpretation as the one in DS­1. The maps obtained are of great help for geologists and permit better understanding of the geological setting and stratigraphic succession of the Late Cretaceous of the Iberian Trough.S